![]() 4 This inflammatory lesion is caused by a cascade of cytokine events that differs from inflammation occurring in asthma, bronchitis, and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia because there is no fibrosing process. 3 Noninfectious causes of BOOP include rheumatologic and connective-tissue diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, reactions from drugs, fumes, and other toxic exposures, and radiation therapy to the chest. BOOP is defined as organized polypoid granulation tissue in the distal airways extending into the alveolar ducts and alveoli. Idiopathic BOOP is also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. 1īronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is an inflammatory lung disorder that can be caused by both infectious and noninfectious processes. 2 Newer regimens that include hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation, partial-breast irradiation, brachytherapy, and intra-operative radiation therapy have been developed, tested, and adopted to varying degrees. 2 Radiation therapy for breast cancer has traditionally been delivered to the whole breast at a dose of 45–50 Gray with 1.8–2.0 Gray per fraction. Lumpectomy and radiation therapy are the preferable treatments for early-stage breast cancer because they provide survival rates equal to that of total mastectomy and axillary dissection while preserving the breast. ![]() Chest 99: 143–146Ĭohen M, Smith WL, Weetman R, Provisor A (1981) Pulmonary pseudometastases in children with malignant tumors.Radiation therapy plays a key role in the treatment of breast cancer. Sen RP, Walsh TE, Fisher W, Brock N (1991) Pulmonary complications of combination therapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Santrach PJ, Askin FB, Wells RJ, Azizkhan RG, Merten DF (1989) Nodular form of bleomycin-related pulmonary injury in patients with osteogenic sarcoma. Radiology 179: 487–490Ībernathy EC, Hruban RH, Baumgartner WA, Reitz BA, Hutchins GM (1991) The two forms of bronchiolitis obliterans in heart-lung transplant recipients. ![]() Morrish WF, Herman SJ, Weisbrod GL, Chamberlain DW (1991) Bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation: findings at chest radiography and high resolution CT. Katzenstein A-LA, Myers JL, Prophet WD, Carley LS III, Shin MS (1986) Bronchiolitis obliterans and usual interstitial pneumonia. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 117: 816–832 Gosink BB, Friedman PJ, Liebow AA (1973) Bronchiolitis obliterans. Müller NL, Staples CA, Miller RR (1990) Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: CT features in 14 patients. Müller NL, Guerry-Force ML, Staples CA, Wright JL, Wiggs B, Coppin C, Pare P, Hogg JC (1987) Differential diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia: clinical functional, and radiologic findings. McLoud TC, Epler GR, Colby TV, Gaensler EA, Carrington CB (1986) Bronchiolitis obliterans. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 40–57Įpler GR, Colby TV, McLoud TC, Carrington CB, Gaensler EA (1985) Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Katzenstein A-L A, Askin FB (1990) Surgical pathology of nonneoplastic lung disease, 2nd edn. Invest Radiol 13: 2–11Ĭorbaton J, Muñoz A, Madero L, Camarero C (1984) Pulmonary leukemia in a child presenting with infiltrative and nodular lesions. Bragg DG (1978) The clinical, pathologic and radiographic spectrum of the intrathoracic lymphomas.
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